Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies are used for the immunodetection of the protein encoded by the EGFR gene. In humans, the canonical protein has a reported length of 1210 amino acid residues and a mass of 134.3 kDa. Its subcellular localization is in the nucleus, ER, Golgi, and cell membrane. Alternative splicing is reported to yield 4 different isoforms for this protein. It is ubiquitously expressed across many tissue types. A member of the Tyr protein kinase protein family, it is a known receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Post-translational modifications have been described, including methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation and phosphorylation.
The epidermal growth factor receptor marker can be used to characterize Cytotrophoblasts (CTB) and Syncytiotrophoblasts (STB).* Other names for this target antigen include ERBB1, ERRP, HER1, NISBD2, PIG61, mENA, EGFR vIII, and ERBB. Gene orthologs have been identified in the mouse, rat, bovine, frog, zebrafish, chimpanzee and chicken species.
*HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas v1.4