Fig 2: The immune adhesion of Foe‐TEVs via enhanced subcapsular capturing and effector interacting. A) The distribution of Foe‐TEVs in lymphatic vessels and blood vessels presented by immunofluorescence staining in allograft. B) Confocal imaging of Foe‐TEVs distribution in subcapsular sinus of draining lymph node. C) The distribution of Foe‐TEVs under the capsule and in the corticomedullary junction shown by multiple immunofluorescence staining. D) The interaction between Foe‐TEVs and medullary macrophage in the medulla shown by multiple immunofluorescence staining. E) The interaction of Foe‐TEVs with T cells (CD3+), marginal zone B cells (CD19+), and follicular B cells (CD21+) in germinal centers. F) Flow cytometry analysis of adhesion of Foe‐TEVs to CD11b+CD11c+DCs, F4‐80+macrophages, CD45+CD3+T cells, and CD45+CD19+B cells. G) Quantification of leukocyte percentage with Dil+ TEVs 1 and 6 h after intravenous injection of Vector‐TEVs or Foe‐TEVs (n = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared to the Vector‐TEVs 6 h group; ### P < 0.001 compared to the Foe‐TEVs 1 h group. H) Confocal images showing tracks of Foe‐TEVs and Vector‐TEVs contacting with SCS macrophages under subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes. I) The instant velocity of individual Vector‐TEVs and Foe‐TEVs. J) The mean velocity of Vector‐TEVs and Foe‐TEVs under subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes (n = 300). K) The arrest coefficient of Vector‐TEVs and Foe‐TEVs (n = 300). ***P < 0.001. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was determined by two‐tailed Student's t‐test.

Fig 3: Lkb1 deficiency in CD11c+ myeloid cells limited the accumulation and expression of CD80 on ATDC. A, B Representative flow plot and statistical analysis of adipose tissue CD45+ cells from Lkb1f/f (WT) and CD11cCreLkb1f/f (KO) mice after 16 weeks’ NFD or HFD feeding. C Representative overlay histograms of the ATDC and statistical analysis of the composition of ATDC subsets from WT and KO mice after 16 weeks’ NFD or HFD feeding. D, E Representative overlay histograms of the ATDC and ATM subsets and statistical analysis of the MFI of CD80 in indicated groups. F, G Representative overlay histograms of the ATDC and ATM subsets and statistical analysis of the MFI of CD86 in indicated groups. imATDC, immature ATDC; mATDC, mature ATDC. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, by Student's t-test. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments

Fig 4: Deficiency of Lkb1 tips IL-17A/IFN-γ towards IFN-γ in both adipose-tissue T cells and ATMs. A Schematic represents major components of the adipose tissue in DIO model. B Real-time qPCR analysis of the indicated cytokine expression in adipose tissue from Lkb1f/f and CD11cCreLkb1f/f mice fed with HFD. C Representative flow plot (left) and statistical analysis (right) of the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ in CD45+ ATM and ATDC cells from Lkb1f/f and CD11cCreLkb1f/f mice fed with HFD. D Representative flow plot (left) and statistical analysis (right) of the expression of IL-17A in CD4 and CD8 T cells from Lkb1f/f and CD11cCreLkb1f/f mice fed with HFD. E Representative flow plot (left) and statistical analysis (right) of the expression of IFN-γ in CD4 and CD8 T cells from Lkb1f/f and CD11cCreLkb1f/f mice fed with HFD. The results are presented as the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, by Student's t-test. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments

Fig 5: Immunological changes and gut integrity in P. aeruginosa-induced lung infection mouse. (A-C) Representative flow cytometry plots and proportions of Tregs identified as FoxP3+ within CD3+CD4+CD45+ T cells in the spleen (A), MLNs (B), and colonic lamina propria (C) across experimental groups (n = 3). (D) Representative flow cytometry plots and proportions of Th17 cells identified as IL-17 A+ within CD3+CD4+CD45+ cells in the spleen across groups (n = 3). (E) Representative H&E-stained colon sections from Cont, Ec, Pa, and EcPa groups. Scale bars = 50 μm (n = 5). (F) Disease activity index scores indicating colon injury across groups (n = 5). (G) Histological score of colon injury from H&E-stained sections (n = 5). (H) Submucosa thickness (µm) of the colon in each group (n = 5). Statistics by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Values shown are the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01