Link Between Cat Purring and the Androgen Receptor Gene Explored

Felis catus, the domestic cat, is a familiar presence in many households and has been closely associated with humans for thousands of years. Unlike most other feline species, domestic cats are social, can live in groups, and communicate with both other cats and humans. Despite this close relationship, much about cat behavior remains unknown, especially compared to other mammals.

To address this gap, researchers at the Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University have begun investigating the genetic basis of certain feline behaviors. Their study focused on the association between purring, vocal communication, and variation in the androgen receptor gene. While the function of purring is not fully understood, previous research suggests it plays a role in feline communication and survival. 

The team assessed the behavior of 280 mixed-breed, spayed or neutered cats living in Japanese homes. DNA samples were collected to analyze the androgen receptor gene, and comparisons were made with other Felidae species. The researchers were encouraged by the strong response from cat owners, with 265 participants registering in just one day. "This reminded us of the strong public interest in cat research," Yume Okamoto, first author of the study published in PLOS One.

Findings indicated that cats with the short-type androgen receptor gene scored higher for purring, and short-type males were more vocal toward humans. Female cats with the short-type gene showed increased aggression toward strangers. The study also suggested that pure-breed cats, which are more likely to have the long-type gene, may vocalize less than mixed-breed or rescued cats.

Comparisons with 11 other Felidae species revealed that the longer gene types are unique to domestic cats, possibly arising from domestication and selective breeding. The researchers hope these insights will improve understanding of cat behavior, enhance animal welfare, and strengthen human-cat relationships.