Fig 1: Inhibitory effects of EAA on TNF-a/IFN-? -induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in HaCaT cells. Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of EAA (1, 10, and 50 µg/mL) for 1 h and then were stimulated with TNF-a/IFN-? (10 ng/mL each) for 24 h. Production of (a) RANTES, (b) TARC, (c) IL-6, and (d) IL-8 was determined using culture supernatants of HaCaT cells. Results are expressed as a mean percentage in the treated cells compared to the control (solvent) ± S.E. of three independent experiments performed in triplicates. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with the TNF-a/IFN-?-treated control group.