Fig 1: Protein abundance of electron transport chain complexes for each fetal sex (A and B, males and females, respectively). Relative mRNA expression of key mitochondria dynamics genes associated with biogenesis, fusion, and fission processes on females (C) and males (D) and key mitochondrial regulatory proteins; (E) citrate synthase, PGC1α, MNF2, OPA1, HSP60, HSP70, TID1, and CLPP in the placental Lz supporting the lightest and heaviest fetuses of each sex within the litter on GD 18. Images from each antibody and representative Ponceau staining are included. For western blot results, the sample size is 5 lightest and 5 heaviest fetuses per sex from n = 5 litters. For qPCR results, the sample size is 7 lightest and 7 heaviest fetuses per sex from n = 7 litters. Data are displayed as individual data points with bars representing the mean value and lines connecting siblings from the same litter. Data are displayed relative to the value for the heaviest fetus per sex. Data were analyzed for each sex separately by paired t test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.