Fig 1: Expression patterns of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors in sperm. Western blot analyses of proteins LPA1 (A), LPA2 (B), LPA3 (C), LPA4 (D), LPA5 (E), and LPA6 (F) in human sperm (hSp), mouse sperm (Sp) and testis tissue (Te). Spleen (Sn) tissues were also included in the experiments for LPA4 and LPA5, whereas heart (He) tissues for LPA6. The blot was probed with monoclonal antibodies against α-tubulin to assess protein loading.