Fig 2: CD4+ T-cell activation in SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice.CD38+ HLA-DR+ ratios in the CD4+ T cells of the five groups (n = 5/each group) were measured. Each group is color coded. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001

Fig 3: Enhanced ADCC activity of daratumumab following FLT3 inhibitor treatment in AML cells with FLT3-internal tandem duplication. (A) Histograms of CD38 expression in MOLM-13 and MV-4-11 cells. (B) ADCC assay of daratumumab. Target cells (MOLM-13 and MV-4-11) were exposed to quizartinib or DMSO for 48 h before coculture with KHYG-1/CD16 cells. (C) ADCC assay of daratumumab. Target cells (THP-1) were exposed to quizartinib or DMSO for 48 h before coculture with KHYG-1/CD16 cells. Experiments were repeated thrice. Error bars represent the SD. The data were statistically analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. **P<0.01. ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; FLT3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; NS, no significant difference.

Fig 4: Peripheral CD4+ T cell profile in the SCs (red, n = 7) and non-SCs (blue, n = 9) during the acute and convalescence phases(A and B) Frequency (A) and (B) number of total CD3+CD4+ T cells during the acute and convalescence phases.(C–F) Frequency of proliferating (Bcl2− and Ki67+) and activated (HLA-DR+CD38+) CD4+ T cells, during the (C and E) acute phase and (D and F) the convalescence phase, respectively. Cells were stimulated overnight with either media (unstimulated), pooled influenza peptides corresponding to the matrix (M1), nucleoprotein (NP), and PB1 protein, or the non-specific mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA).∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, by 1-way analysis of variance, with Bonferroni corrections applied for multiple comparisons. Lines and error bars indicate the median and interquartile range.

Fig 5: Sec61 blockade by mycolactone strongly alters the biology and viability of MM cell lines AEffect of mycolactone on MM.1S, JIM3, and KMS‐11 cell viability after 48 and 72 h of treatment, as measured by exposure of Annexin V and incorporation of PI. Data are Mean % of live, apoptotic, and dead cells from technical duplicates, gated as in Appendix Fig S1, relative to total cells.B, CInhibitory effect of mycolactone on cell expression of CD38 (Type II) and CD138, IL‐6R, and CD40 (Type I) transmembrane proteins (B). Stimulatory effect of mycolactone on cell expression of BCMA, a Type III transmembrane protein (C). Mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs) were measured in live cells 48 h after addition of mycolactone. Data are Mean MFIs ± SD from technical duplicates of two independent experiments, relative to vehicle‐treated controls (Ctrl).DInhibitory effect of mycolactone on immunoglobulin (lambda chain) secretion, as quantified by ELISA in culture supernatants after 24 h of treatment. Data are Mean concentrations ± SD of secreted lambda chain (µg/ml) from technical duplicates of two independent experiments (MM.1S) or Mean of secreted lambda chain concentrations (µg/ml) from technical duplicates (JIM3 and KMS‐11), relative to vehicle‐treated controls.ECorrelation between immunoglobulin lambda chain (Ig) secretion after 24 h (D) and MM cell line mortality after 72 h (A), in the three cell lines treated with 50 nM mycolactone. Slopes (R) and statistical significance (P values) are indicated. Data information: In A (all cell lines) and D (JIM3 and KMS‐11), shown data are representative of two independent experiments with similar results.