Fig 1: In vitro experiments to verify the biological functions of map-PD-L1. Spleen lymphocytes were cocultured with rgEC. For the T cell activation assay, cells were cocultured with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies for 1 day as a stimulation protocol. In the experimental group, map-PD-L1 was anchored to rgEC. Apoptosis (a) and activation (b) of T cells were analyzed by PI and annexin V staining, and CD69 molecular markers, respectively. (c) Detection of rgEC apoptosis after coculture with spleen lymphocytes using a TUNEL Apoptosis Assay Kit. Original magnification, ×400. map-PD-L1, membrane-anchored-protein PD-L1; rgEC, rat glomerular endothelial cell