Fig 2: WB representing the effect of LIP-GIV on the expression of LDLR (A), LRP1 (B), VLDLR (C), and ABCA1 (D) receptors in Gli36?EGFR-2 after 24 h, with quantitative graphs. Each graph is the result of three independent experiments. ß-tubulin was used as a normalization protein. Ns, not significant; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Fig 3: Effects of CTRP12 on plasma HDL-C levels and RCT in apoE-/- mice.A ?Plasma levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C were determined using the commercial kits ?(n = 10). B Mice were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]-cholesterol-labeled J774 macrophages. ?The radioactivity in the plasma, liver, and feces were assessed by a liquid scintillation counter (n = 5). C, D Detection of miR-155-5p, LXRa, ABCA1, and ABCG1 expression in the aortas by qRT-PCR and western blot (n = 10). Data are represented as the mean ± SD. ?*P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001; ns not significant.

Fig 4: Gentisic acid (GA) supplementation accelerates myelination in brain organoids: (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of brain organoid generation, including GA application at days 70–80. (B) Representative brightfield images document progression of organoid growth from iPSC to brain organoids. (C) RT-PCR analysis demonstrates significantly increased expression of oligodendrocyte (precursor) cell markers (NG2, OLIG2, and PDGFR) and genes related to myelin formation (MYRF and PLP) after GA supplementation when compared to conventionally generated brain organoids. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 (D) Representative images display increased numbers of NG2+ and Olig2+ oligodendrocytes and increased expression of ABCA1 in GA supplemented brain organoids.

Fig 5: Effects of CTRP12 on the expression of cholesterol efflux and uptake markers.A–D THP-1 macrophages were incubated with 50 µg/mL ox-LDL for 48 h, followed by treatment with PBS, LV-NC, or LV-CTRP12 for 72 h. A, B The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. C, D Detection of CD36 and SR-A expression using qRT-PCR and western blot. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ****P < 0.0001; ns not significant.