Fig 2: Effect of IL-31 on human PBMC inflammasome. (A) Secretion of TNF-a in PBMC supernatant with LPS and IL-31 treatment. (B) mRNA expression level of TNF-a on PBMC with or without IL-31 treatment under LPS stimulation. (C) mRNA expression level of NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP6 on PBMC with or without IL-31 treatment under LPS stimulation. *P<0.05 and ***P<0.001, as indicated. Experiments were performed in triplicate. PBMC, peripheral blood monocytes; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IL, interleukin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.

Fig 3: Effect of IL-31 on experimental sepsis. (A) Survival rate of IL-31-treated or PBS-treated (vehicle control) mice with LPS-induced sepsis. (B) Proinflammatory cytokine production in the sera from each group. (C) IL-31 level in the peritoneal lavage fluid of mice with LPS-induced sepsis and normal mice without LPS treatment. (D) IL-1β level in the peritoneal lavage fluid of mice with LPS-induced sepsis in the presence or absence of IL-31 injection. (E) IL-1β level in the peritoneal lavage fluid of mice with CLP-induced sepsis in the presence or absence of IL-31 injection. *P=0.0473 vs. PBS from 24 to 72 h; **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001, as indicated. Experiments were performed in triplicate. IL, interleukin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CLP, cecal ligation and puncture.