Fig 1: Butyric acid and valeric acid administration ameliorates hippocampal neuroinflammation in stress-exposed mice. A–B Relative protein expression of the tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin5 in hippocampal tissues after butyric acid intervention; n = 3. C–D Relative protein expression of the tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin5 in hippocampal tissues after valeric acid intervention, n = 3. E–H mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (E), IL-6 (F), IL-4 (G), and IL-10 (H) in hippocampal tissues after butyric acid or valeric acid intervention, n = 4. I–J Relative protein expression levels of GPR41, RhoA, and Rock1 in hippocampal tissues across the experimental groups following butyric acid administration, n = 4. K–L Relative protein expression levels of GPR41, RhoA, and Rock1 in hippocampal tissues across the experimental groups following valeric acid administration, n = 4. The data are presented as the means ± SDs, with statistical significance determined by one-way ANOVA: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001