Fig 1: rGPNMB decreased the sensitivity to oxidative stress in melanocytes. (A,B) HEM-MP cells were treated with the indicated concentration of rGPNMB for 24 h and then treated with 0.4 mM of H2O2 for another 24 h. (C,D) HEM-MP cells were co-cultured with 500 ng/mL of rGPNMB for 24 h and then treated with 0.1 or 0.2 mM of H2O2 for another 8 d. (E) Skin samples collected from the perilesion and lesion of a patient with rhododendrol-induced leukoderma were immunostained using anti-human GPNMB antibody. GPNMB was stained red (lower panel), Melan-A was stained red (upper panel), and nucleus was stained blue. Scale bar = 100 µm. (F) HEM-MP cells were treated with 500 ng/mL of rGPNMB for 24 h and then treated with 1.5 mM of RD for another 24 h. (A) Cell shape was observed under bright-field microscopy. (B,C,F) Cell viability was quantified. (D) Melanin content in cell lysates was quantified. (B) * p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test). (C,D) * p < 0.05 (unpaired student’s t-test). NS: not significant. (F) * p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test).
Fig 2: GPNMB expression was decreased by oxidative stress in PSVK1. PSVK1 was treated with the indicated concentration of H2O2 (A,C) or the indicated dose of UVB irradiation (B,D), then GPNMB mRNA expression was detected 24 h and 120 h after H2O2 exposure or UVB irradiation. (A,B) Released sGPNMB proteins were quantified after 48 h or 120 h after H2O2 exposure or UVB irradiation (C,D). * p < 0.05 vs. control (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test) (E) Summary illustration of the possible role of sGPNMB and its involvement in vitiligo pathology. * p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test).
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