Fig 1: Validation of extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived APOE and ECP levels. (A) EVs-derived apolipoprotein E (APOE) levels measured by ELISA in healthy controls (n = 68), WDEIA (n = 61), FIA (n = 51), and oral allergy syndrome (OAS) (n = 60) groups. (B) EVs-derived ECP levels measured by ELISA across different groups. (C) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluating the diagnostic performance of EV-derived APOE for distinguishing FIA patients from non-FIA (HC + OAS + WDEIA). (D) ROC curve evaluating the diagnostic performance of EV-derived ECP for distinguishing WDEIA patients from non-WDEIA (HC + OAS + FIA). “HC” refers to healthy control”; “WDEIA” refers to wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis; “FIA” refers to food-induced anaphylaxis. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to compare multiple groups.