Fig 1: UTI treatment improved renal mitochondrial functions and redox equilibrium (A) Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) levels, (B) mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS1) levels, (C) mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), (D) mitochondrial ATP level, (E) mitochondrial ROS levels, (F) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, and (G) 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Drp1and FIS1 levels were assessed in mitochondrial subsamples using ELISA, while mitochondrial ATP and H2O2 levels were measured colorimetrically. Furthermore, ΔΨm levels were assessed using the cationic carbocyanine dye (JC-1) (HY-15534), while 8-OHdG levels were assayed using ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 10 rats for each group; DN, diabetic nephropathy; ns, not significant. *** indicates p < 0.001 using one–way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test