Fig 1: Immunomodulatory properties of GeHQDs: (a), Splenocyte proliferation was measured by WST proliferation assay. There was a decrease in the proliferation of activated splenocytes in the presence of GeHQDs. Four biological replicates were included per treatment group (b–g), Histograms show quantification of respective cytokines (TNF‐α, IFN gamma, IL‐6, IL‐17A, TGF‐β, and IL‐10,) in each group. Six biological replicates were included per treatment group. (h), The Heat map shows the quantification of respective genes in each group by PCR. Downregulated genes are in red and upregulated in white to grey. Four biological replicates were included per treatment group. (i), The panels depict Treg cell population percentage for respective groups by flow cytometry. The x axis is FoxP3 positive cells and y axis denotes CD25 positive cells. (j), Quantification of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cell population in each group. Five biological replicates were included per treatment group for flow cytometry. All histograms are plotted as mean±SD. P‐values were calculated using one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's honest multiple comparison test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 and ns for p > 0.05.
Fig 2: GeHQDs treatment modulates inflammation in a mouse model in vivo. (a), The Figure depicts the in vivo experimental design: CD1 mice were treated with LPS to induce inflammation. (b), H & E staining of the kidney, liver, lungs, and spleen showed no acute toxicity in these organs. Six biological replicates were included per treatment group. (c–g), Quantification of cytokines (TNF‐α, IL17A, IL4, TGF‐β, and sCD40L) in mice plasma from different groups by ELISA and Legendplex flow‐based cytokine array. Five biological replicates were included per treatment group. (h), CD4+CD25+CD127lo Tregs cell population was analyzed in mice blood from different groups by flow cytometry. (i), CD3−CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils were analysed in peritoneal lavage using flow cytometry. Eight biological replicates were included per treatment group. The histograms are mean±SD. P‐values were calculated using One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's honest multiple comparison test, * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
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