Fig 1: Immunohistochemical detection and quantification of lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression.Immunohistochemical staining of (A) healthy and (B) diseased leaflets shows distribution of LOX production throughout leaflet, with some areas of localized high-intensity staining (indicated by arrows). F = fibrosa, S = spongiosa. N = 5. Scale bar = 0.50 mm. (C) Layer-specific quantification of LOX staining, indicating significantly greater amounts of LOX in the diseased fibrosa relative to the healthy condition (p = 0.001728). N = 5, n = 3. Total LOX expression across the entire leaflet was also quantified via (D) qRT-PCR for LOX (N = 5, n = 3) and (E) measurement of LOX protein via dot blot (N = 5, n = 3).