Fig 2: Schematic diagram of study.In HPV+HNSCC, CCL20 secreted from KRT15high tumor cells promotes the formation of TLS and enhance anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy. TLS also provide a suitable environment for the proliferation of PD-1+CD8+T cells.

Fig 3: CCL20 secreted by KRT15high tumor cells related to TLS formation in HPV+HNSCC.A Expression of CCL20 in KRT15high tumor cells from HPV+ and HPV-HNSCC. B Spatial distribution of CCL20 expression in HPV+ and HPV-HNSCC with scRNA-seq data. C Expression of CCL20 in KRT15high and KRT15low epithelial cells in HNSCC. D Expression of CCL20 in HPV+ and HPV−HNSCC with RNA-seq profile from TCGA dataset. E Correlation between KRT15 expression and CCL20 in HNSCC. F Schematic diagram of spatial transcriptome sequencing (ST-seq) and IHC detection. G Expression region of KRT15 and CCL20 in HPV+HNSCC based on ST data. H IHC detection of mature TLS-associated cellular components and KRT15 expression. I Correlation between CCL20 expression and TLS-associated immune cell infiltration in HNSCC. J Correlation between CCL20 expression and prognosis in HPV+ and HPV−HNSCC. ****P < 0.0001.