Fig 1: Mechanical force modulates macrophage M2 polarization on PEEK surfaces. (A) The expression levels of mechanical perception (PIEZO1, YAP1) and polarization‐related proteins (iNOS, CD206, STAT6/p‐STAT6, NF‐κB/p‐NF‐κB) in dynamically cultured RAW264.7, determined by Western blot. (B) Gene expression in RAW264.7 were cultured under dynamic and static conditions for 12 h. (C) SEM images of RAW264.7 under static and dynamic culture conditions (scale bar: 10 µm). (D) Confocal fluorescence images of CD206, PIEZO1, iNOS, IL10, YAP1 and ITGB1 in macrophages under dynamic and static conditions (scale bar: 100 µm). The average fluorescence intensity of (E) CD206, IL‐10, (F) PIEZO1, YAP1, and (G) iNOS, ITGB1 were statistically analyzed. Shown are mean values ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments, each with 3 technical replicates), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001, ns, no significant difference. 2‐way ANOVA was used in (B) and (E–G).