Fig 1: ILC2 and EOS interactions with SMCs. A) TUNEL staining detected PDTC-induced aortic SMC apoptosis with or without lysates from WT EOS, WT ILC2, Il5-/- and Il13-/- ILC2, or recombinant IL5 and IL13 (10 ng mL-1). Scale: 50 µm. B) Immunoblot analysis detected pre-caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in PDTC-induced aortic SMC apoptosis under different conditions as indicated. C) Aortic SMC proliferation under the treatments as indicated. D) Immunoblot analysis detected total AKT and p-AKT in aortic SMCs treated with or without FBS and other conditions as indicated. E) Immunoblot analysis of TGF-ß-induced p-Smad2/3 signaling from aortic SMCs pretreated with or without EOS lysates from WT mice or ILC2 lysates from WT and Il5-/- mice. Representative images in panels (A), (B), (D), and (E) are shown to the left. The extra band in the p-Smad3 blot after TGF-ß treatment remains unknown. Data are mean±SEM. n = 10 per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA test for normal distributed samples (after Shapiro–Wilk test), followed by LSD correction.