Fig 1: GBCA loading does not affect immune cell binding to immobilised recombinant VCAM-1 or ICAM-1 in static conditions. Isolated immune cells at 1 million cells/mL were incubated at a 2 mM final GBCA concentration for 1 h at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Number of (a) PBMCs, (b) CD4+ T cells, (c) CD8+ T cells, (d) monocytes, (e) NK cells and (f) B cells adhering to immobilised human recombinant VCAM-1 or ICAM-1 under static conditions are shown. Cells incubated with cell culture media only (Untreated) was used as control. Each dot is the mean value of 2–3 technical replicate measurements, and each colour represents values from a single donor performed as an independent experiment. The donor cells used for the three independent experiments varies between the graphs. Immobilised human recombinant DNER was used as negative binding control (Neg Ctrl). Analysis performed using One-way ANOVA with repeated measures or mixed-effect model if values missing (in Fig. 4 (a) ICAM-1) and followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test and shown as mean ± SD (p < 0.05=*)