Fig 1: Exhibition of the expression of APOC1 in DN. (A–D) APOC1 manifested significantly higher expression in different cohorts of DN patients. [(A): GSE96804, Ctrl=20, DN=41, (B) GSE47185, Ctrl=21, DN=12, (C) ERCB Nephrotic Syndrome Tublnt cohorts in Nephroseq database, Ctrl=9, DN=10, GSE 30122, Ctrl=13, DN=9]. (E) Representative Western Blot indicates APOC1 expression to be higher in different mice, Ctrl (n = 4) or DN (n = 4). (F) IHC reveals increased expression of APOC1 on glomeruli of mice with DN (Bar = 20 μm). (G) Representative protein immunofluorescence of APOC1 in the glomeruli of DN (Bar = 20 μm.). (Data presented as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05).
Fig 2: Expression of APOC1 is elevated in IgAN with diagnostic function. (A, B) APOC1 expression and ROC diagnostic efficacy in the GSE93798 dataset (Ctrl = 22, IgAN = 20, AUC = 99%, sensitivity = 99%, and specificity = 95%, p < 0.001). (C, D) APOC1 expression and ROC diagnostic efficacy in the GSE35487 dataset (Ctrl = 6, IgAN = 25, AUC = 82.7%, sensitivity = 63%, and specificity = 99%, p < 0.001). Ctrl:healthy, IgAN, IgAN patients. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Fig 3: Serum APOC1 expression in DN patients and ROC. (A) APOC1 expression in serum (Ctrl n = 20, DN n = 20). (B) ROC curve of serum APOC1 expression in DN (AUC = 92.5%, sensitivity = 95%, and specificity = 97%, P < 0.001). Ctrl, Healthy population; DN, Diabetic nephropathy patients. ***P < 0.001.
Fig 4: APOC1 expression is correlated with eGFR and serum creatinine in patients with IgAN. (A) APOC1 expression was negatively correlated with eGFR in GSE93798 (n = 19, R 2 = 0.2285, p = 0.0385). (B) Negative correlation between APOC1 expression and GFR in the Nephroseq database (n = 24, R 2 = 0.487, p < 0.001). (C) Positive correlation between APOC1 expression and creatinine (n = 25, R 2 = 0.41, p < 0.001).
Fig 5: Correlation between APOC1 expression and proteinuria and GFR in Nephroseq database. (A) Correlation between APOC1 expression and proteinuria in Schmid diabetes tubint cohorts (R2 = 0.515, P = 0.013). (B) Correlation between APOC1 expression and GFE in Woroniecka Diabetes Tublnt cohorts (R2 = 0.552, P = 0.014). (C) Correlation between APOC1 expression and GFE in ERCB Nephrotic Syndrome Tublnt cohorts (R2 = 0.632, P = 0.018).
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