Anti-SMAD9 antibodies are used in the immunodetection of the protein SMAD family member 9. In humans, the canonical protein has a reported length of 467 amino acid residues and a mass of 52.5 kDa. Its subcellular localization is in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Up to 2 different isoforms have been reported for this protein. It is found to be expressed in the heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, prostate, testis, ovary and small intestine. A member of the Dwarfin/SMAD protein family, SMAD9 is known to be involved with the morphogenesis of anatomical structure and cell differentiation. Synonyms for this target antigen include MADH9, PPH2, SMAD8, SMAD8/9, SMAD8A, SMAD8B, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9, and MADH6. SMAD9 gene orthologs have been reported in the mouse, rat, bovine, frog, zebrafish, chimpanzee and chicken species. Over 490 citations in the literature describe the use of SMAD9 antibodies in research. Western Blot is a widely used application for these antibodies. ELISA, Immunofluorescence, and Immunohistochemistry are also common applications.