Mycobacterium is a bacterial genus that comprises over 190 species. Mycobacteria are aerobic, nonmotile, and are known for having a thick, hydrophobic cell wall rich in mycolate fatty acids. Perhaps the most clinically known species is M. tuberculosis, which causes the infectious tuberculosis (TB) disease. This globally prevalent infection trasmits by the spreading of air droplets containing the bacteria. Another pathogenic strain is M. avium, which cause symptoms similar to tuberculosis. It is particularly severe in immunocompromised individuals, such as those suffering from AIDS.