Anti-VMA21 antibodies are used in the immunodetection of the protein vacuolar ATPase assembly factor VMA21. In humans, the canonical protein has a reported length of 101 amino acid residues and a mass of 11.4 kDa. Its subcellular localization is in the cytoplasmic vesicles and ER. Up to 2 different isoforms have been reported for this protein. A member of the VMA21 protein family, VMA21 is known to be required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum. The VMA21 gene has been associated with the disease, Myopathy. Synonyms for this target antigen include VMA21 vacuolar H+-ATPase homolog, VMA21, vacuolar ATPase assembly factor, myopathy with excessive autophagy protein, and vacuolar ATPase assembly integral membrane protein VMA21. VMA21 gene orthologs have been reported in the mouse, rat, bovine, frog, zebrafish, chimpanzee and chicken species. Some VMA21 antibodies may have been used in research and have associated citations. Western Blot is a widely used application for these antibodies. ELISA and Immunohistochemistry are also common applications.