Fig 2: IgAN patients with high serum FUT8 activity had more pro‐inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis marker in renal tissues. (A) Representative immunohistochemical images of MCP‐1 and TNF‐α (×100), Masson staining (×100), and immunofluorescence staining for α‐SMA and LCA (×200) in IgAN patients with low and high serum FUT8 activity. (B) Quantitative analysis of MCP‐1, TNF‐α, fibrosis area, α‐SMA, and LCA in all IgAN patients with low and high serum FUT8 activity. (C) Spearman correlation analysis of serum FUT8 activity with fibrosis area in renal sections. (D) Spearman correlation analysis of serum FUT8 activity with α‐SMA‐positive area in renal sections. FUT8, α‐1,6 fucosyltransferase; IgAN, immunoglobulin A nephropathy; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐α

Fig 3: IgAN patients with high serum FUT8 activity had more inflammatory cells infiltration. (A) Representative immunohistochemical images of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD68+ macrophages in IgAN patients with low and high serum FUT8 activity (×400). (B) Quantitative analysis of the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD68+ macrophages in all IgAN patients with low and high serum FUT8 activity. (C) Spearman correlation analysis of serum FUT8 activity with the counts of renal infiltration by CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD68+ macrophages. FUT8, α‐1,6 fucosyltransferase

Fig 4: IgAN patients had higher serum FUT8 activity and serum FUT8 protein. (A) Representative HPLC results of serum FUT8 activity in a control patient and an IgAN patient. (B) Quantitative analysis of serum FUT8 activity in all controls and IgAN patients. (C) Representative western blot analysis of serum FUT8 protein in a control patientand a IgAN patient. (D) Quantitative analysis of serum FUT8 protein in all controls and IgAN patients. FUT8, α‐1,6 fucosyltransferase; HPLC, high‐performance liquid chromatography; IgAN, immunoglobulin A nephropathy