Fig 2: Reduction in the innervation of the LVN but not of LVN neurons following Bdnf loss. Labeling with tubulin in control (A) and Bdnf CKO (B) mice show a reduction of vestibular ganglion neuron innervation to the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) in the mutants, best visualized by the reduction in the gap between the restiform body (RB) and the descending trigeminal tract (Vd). This reduction is confirmed in P23 mice using lipophilic dyes [(A1), Control; (B1), Bdnf CKO]. Note that two different lipophilic dyes were implanted into the utricle [green; (A1)] and the saccule red, (A1) in controls compared with a single large dye implanted into the utricle, saccule, and cochlea in the Bdnf CKO (B1). However, there was no significant difference in the number of large Deiters' neurons (yellow asterisks; labeled with Calb1, Calb2, and Parvalbumin) between the control (A2) and Bdnf CKO (B2) mice within the LVN (p > 0.05, n = 3, four animals, respectively). MVN, medial vestibular nucleus; DCN, dorsal cochlear nucleus; PVCN, posteroventral cochlear nucleus; VG, vestibular ganglion; SVG, superior vestibular ganglion, CG, cochlear ganglion; IEE, inner ear efferents; RB, restiform body; Vd, descending tract of the trigeminal fibers. Bars indicate 100 μm.

Fig 3: Rbm24 deficiency impedes adult neurogenesis in the OB. (A) Representative images of BrdU/NeuN co-staining in the OB from 3-month-old CTL and UKO mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Quantification of BrdU+ and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells in the OB from 3-month-old CTL and UKO mice (n = 4 mice for each group). (C-D) Representative images and quantification of TUNEL+ cells in the OB from 3-month-old CTL and UKO mice (n = 4 mice for each group). Scale bar, 100 μm. (E-I) Representative images and quantification of TH+ (E, G), CalB+ (F, G), CalR+ (H, I) cells in the OB from 4-month-old CTL and UKO mice 60 days after TAM administration (n = 4 mice for each group). Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Representative traces of sIPSC of M/Ts in the OB from 4-month-old CTL and UKO mice. Scale bar, 40 pA and 20 s. (K) Cumulative curves of sIPSC interevent interval of M/Ts in the OB from 4-month-old CTL and UKO mice. (L) Quantification of sIPSC frequency of M/Ts in (J) (n = 4 mice for each group). (M) Cumulative curves of sIPSC amplitude of M/Ts in the OB from 4-month-old CTL and UKO mice. (N) Quantification of sIPSC amplitude of M/Ts in (J) (n = 4 mice for each group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s., not significant. OB: olfactory bulb; GL: glomerular layer; GCL: granule cell layer.