Particulate Gunylate Cyclase E (PGCE) from MyBioSource.com

Cyclic GMP (cGMP), a key messenger in several signal transduction pathways, the intracellular levels of cGMP ate maintained by the activity of opposing enzymes: synthesizing gualylyl cyclases (GC) and hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The synthesizing enzymes (GCs) are found in two forms: cytosolic (soluble) and membrane-bound (particulate), while they share similar structural characteristics, they differ in their mechanisms of physiological regulations. Most importantly, sGC contains a heme group and binds NO that activates the enzyme, while particulate GC is stimulated by natriuretic peptides. Membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases (GCs) are peptide hormone receptors whereas the cytosolic isoforms are receptors for nitric oxide. Plasma membrane forms of guanylyl cyclase have been shown to function as natriuretic peptide receptors. In response to G-protein couples receptor stimulation, the cGMP can be produced from GTP by either cytoplasmic, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) are heterodimers (alpha & beta polypeptide chains), that are stimulated by nitric oxide and carbon monoxide or by particulate membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases which are activated by a complex mechanism by natriuretic peptides. Particulate GC (PGCs) have 7 different isoforms, PGC-A through PGC-G and are expressed in most tissues inisoform specific manner (See Table 1). There is significant structural homology among various PGCs, there is a large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD), a single TMD and a large intracellular domain with protein kinase activity (KLD), a C-terminal catalytic domain (CD) and in between is a dimmerization domain (DD). The particulate GC-E gene is a single 18 kb genomic clone that have 20 exons and 19 introns. The PGC-E structure resembles most closely with other sensory PGC isoforms, the conservations are in the intracellular kinase like and catalytic domains, and is most divergent at N and C-terminal regions. The PGC-E is expressed only in retina (1). It is suggested that membrane receptor GCs may be involved in the control of inner ear electrolyte and fluid composition whereas NO-stimulated GC isoforms mainly participate in the regulation of blood flow and supporting cell physiology (2). At present PGC-E and PGC-F ligands are not known and they fall under Orphan Receptor category. The PGC-E-selective antibodies were prepared against a unique peptide selective for only PGCE from the C-terminal region of the protein. The PGC-E antibodies were affinity purified against immobilized antigen based affinity chromatography which yielded epitope-specific antibodies. The PGC-E antibodies label a 137 kDa protein in our PC-PGCE sample and also labels a 135-138 kDa protein in rat retinal epithelium homogenates. Anti-PGC-D-selective antibodies are also available in affinity-purified form for confocal, WB, IHC analyses. MyBioSource will also conjugate antibodies with fluorescent probes upon request at extra charge. MyBioSource also provides antibodies to other family members of the particulate GC (PGA, B, C, E, F and G) and to various adenylate cyclases (AC-1 through 9). MyBioSource employs cyclic peptide methodology for generating antibodies, which results in higher titer and specificity (6). MyBioSource, will also provide Western blot positive controls for most of these antibodies in ready-to-use buffer for easy identification of respective proteins. Limited quantities of antigens are also available for blocking studies. Please enquire for their availability before ordering