Fig 1: LDHA knockdown and lactate treatment affect cell viability, metabolism, and ROS levels in C8-D1A and N9 cells. (A,B) Relative mRNA (A) and protein (B) levels of LDHA in C8-D1A and N9 cells treated with si-NC, si-LDHA, or Lactate. Representative Western blot images and their densitometric quantification are shown in (B). (C) Cell viability of C8-D1A and N9 cells under the same treatments, assessed by CCK-8 assay. (D,E) Intracellular glucose (D) and pyruvate (E) levels in C8-D1A and N9 cells following si-NC, si-LDHA, or Lactate treatment, measured by ELISA. (F) Intracellular ROS levels in C8-D1A and N9 cells assessed by fluorescence assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3 for each group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; si-NC, small interfering RNA–negative control; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8.