Fig 2: Serum PFN1 and CFD concentrations in patients with TAA and AAA in the validation study. A, B In the validation study, the concentrations of (A) PFN1 and (B) CFD in serum samples from 21 control patients with IA, 24 patients with TAA, and 39 patients with AAA were measured using commercially available ELISA kits specific for each protein. Data are expressed as box-and-whisker plots. The centre line indicates the median value, the boxes indicate the interquartile range, and the whiskers indicate the upper or lower quartile range. Significant differences were observed between the TAA and control IA groups and between the AAA and control IA groups. C–E ROC analysis of (C) PFN1, (D) CFD, and (E) their combination (PFN1 + CFD) between the TAA and control IA groups (solid line) or between the AAA and control IA groups (dashed line). The AUCs of PFN1, CFD, and their combination (PFN1 + CFD) to discriminate the TAA or AAA group from the control IA group are shown in each figure following the disease names

Fig 3: PFN1 and CFD levels in unfractionated serum samples of patients with TAA and HC subjects. A Western blot analysis of PFN1 and CFD in four individual serum samples without pre-treatment from patients with TAA and those from HC subjects. B, C The histograms indicate quantitated band intensity data of (B) PFN1 and (C) CFD in the serum samples of patients with TAA and HC subjects. HC subjects, No. 1–4; TAA patients, No. 5–8. Significant differences were observed between the TAA and HC groups. Images of entire western blots of PFN1 and CFD are shown in Additional File 8

Fig 4: Serum PFN1 and CFD concentrations in patients with TAA and AAA in the discovery study. A, B In the discovery study, the concentrations of (A) PFN1 and (B) CFD in serum samples from 44 HC subjects, 41 patients with AAA, and 29 patients with TAA were measured using commercially available ELISA kits specific for each protein. Data are expressed as box-and-whisker plots. The centre line indicates the median value, the boxes indicate the interquartile range, and the whiskers indicate the upper or lower quartile range. Significant differences were observed between the TAA and HC groups and between the AAA and HC groups. C–E ROC analysis of (C) PFN1, (D) CFD, and (E) their combination (PFN1 + CFD) between the TAA and HC groups (solid line) or between the AAA and HC groups (dashed line). The AUCs of PFN1, CFD, and their combination (PFN1 + CFD) to discriminate the TAA or AAA group from HC group are shown in each figure following the disease names