Fig 2: qRT-PCR results; A: IPO9 results representation; B: ACAP2 results representation; C: PGRMC2 results representation; D: LONRF1 results representation; E: The expression of PGRMC2 was detected by Western blot in sham mice and OVX mice; F, G: Detection and quantification of PGRMC2 by immunohistochemistry.

Fig 3: Immune analysis results; A: Venn diagram intersection results for the three types of machine learning analyses. B: Heatmap representation of the correlation analysis between the 9 key genes and immune infiltration analysis results; C: Protein-protein interaction network for 4 key genes; D: Correlation between PGRMC2 and immune cells; E: Correlation between LONRF1 and immune cells; F: Correlation between IPO5 and immune cells; G: Correlation between ACAP2 and immune cells.

Fig 4: Correlation analysis of PGRMC2 and Results of Mendelian Randomization Analysis. A: Correlation analysis between PGRMC2 and PGRMC2; B: Correlation analysis between PGRMC2 and SMARCA5; C: Correlation analysis between PGRMC2 and ZNF146; D: Correlation analysis between PGRMC2 and ZNF384; E: Correlation analysis between PGRMC2 and CHD1; F: Correlation analysis between PGRMC2 and CREB3L1.G:ceRNA Network for hub genes. The yellow color represents the four key genes, and the pink color represents the predicted miRNAs. H: Forest plot, presenting the estimated effect of PGRMC2 on osteoporosis and its 95 % confidence interval. The three horizontal lines represent the results of three methods: MR Egger, Weighted Median, and Inverse Variance Weighted. I: Funnel plot, used to evaluate the bias and heterogeneity of the Mendelian randomization analysis. J: Scatter plot, showing the effects of each SNP on the exposure variable (PGRMC2) and the outcome variable (osteoporosis). Each point represents an SNP, with its position indicating the size and direction of the effect, and its size representing the weight.

Fig 5: Single-cell analysis results; A: Single-cell annotation results for GSE169396; B: Single-cell annotation results for GSE147287; C: Further annotation results for BM-MSC in GSE147287; D: PGRMC2 distribution results in GSE169396; E: PGRMC2 distribution results in GSE147287; F: PGRMC2 distribution results in BM-MSC.