Fig 2: Alterations of dNK subsets in the decidua of RM pregnancyA. Representative flow cytometry plots showing the strategy to sort dNK cells in human decidual tissues at gestational weeks 6–8, including dNK1 (CD3−CD56+CD39+), dNK3 (CD3−CD56+CD39−CD103+), and dNK4 (CD3−CD56+CD16+). B. Quantification of cell population of dNK1 and dNK3 (left panel), as well as dNK4 (right panel) subsets in decidual tissues from Ctrl (n = 5) and RM patients (n = 5 in left panel, and n = 11 in right panel). Significant difference between the two groups is analyzed using unpaired t-test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. C. Violin plots illustrating the expression of typical differential genes (absolute log2 FC > 0.5 and Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.05) in dNK1, dNK3, and dNK4 cells from Ctrl and RM patients. The differential expression analysis is performed using the method of non-parametric two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test in Seurat.

Fig 3: Spatial distribution of dNK subsets at the feto-maternal interface at early pregnancyA. A representative immunohistochemistry image for CK7 (brown), labeling trophoblasts and uterine gland epithelium in a paraffin section of the feto-maternal interface at gestational week 7. Spongiosa, decidual spongiosa; Compacta, decidual compacta. B. Representative immunofluorescent images of sections adjacent to the section in panel A, showing the distribution of dNK1 cells (CD56+CD39+; white arrows) at the feto-maternal interface. C. Representative immunofluorescent images of sections adjacent to the section in panel A, showing the distribution of dNK3 cells (CD56+CD103+; white arrows) at the feto-maternal interface. In both panels, boxed areas from different regions of the feto-maternal interface on the left (scale bar, 100 μm) are zoomed in and shown in the middle (scale bar, 25 μm), and boxed areas in the middle are further zoomed in and shown on the right (scale bar, 10 μm). D. Representative immunofluorescent images showing the distribution of dNK4 cells (CD16+ PLAC8+; white arrows) in decidual compacta from Ctrl (top) and RM (bottom) pregnancies. Dotted lines indicate the position of uterine blood vessels. Scale bar, 25 μm.

Fig 4: Reduced cellularity is observed in the airways 1 year after initial bronchoscopy post-COVID-19(A) % lung CT abnormality or predicted FVC (%) or TLCO (%) at first appointment and 1 year follow up (n = 17 pCOVID-19 patients).(B) Total cell counts and cell counts of lymphocyte populations, macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte subsets in the BAL.(C and D) (C) Proportions of T cell subsets and (D) CD4 and CD8 CD69+ CD103+ as a proportion of BAL T cells.(E) Proportions of memory (CD27+IgD−) and plasmablasts (CD27+CD38+) of CD20+ B cells in the BAL.(F) DPP4, LDH, and albumin measurements in BAL. All data depict first bronchoscopy between 3–6 months post discharge and at 1 year post discharge. Each point represents a single patient. (B–E) Represent n = 3 patients. Green shading indicates median ± IQR for proportions of populations and mediator concentration observed in healthy airways. (A) Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Fig 5: Graft-infiltrating, recipient-derived T cells take on a TRM cell phenotype over time, with CD103+ and CD103− CD8+ T cells displaying distinct phenotypes(A) Fluorescence microscopy chip cytometry image of small intestinal transplant mucosa from a single subject 3 months after transplant. The donor was HLA-A3+, and the recipient was HLA-A3−. False-color fluorescence imaging for cytokeratin (gray), CD3 (purple), CD8 (red), CD103 (blue), and HLA-A3 (green). Donor-derived CD8+ CD103+ and CD103− T cells are indicated by white and yellow arrows, respectively.(B) Phenotypic analysis of CD8+ T cell populations in healthy small intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. Proportion of positive cells (CD161) or MFI (CD7, CD127, β2-integrin, and KLRG1) of intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) or lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) CD8+ T cells, categorized by CD69 and CD103 expression, in small intestinal biopsies from healthy control subjects (n = 4). Mean percentage or MFI represented by bars. Connecting lines represent populations from the same subject.(C) Fluorescence microscopy chip cytometry of representative CD103− (cells 1 and 2) and CD103+ (cells 3 and 4) donor-derived CD8+ T cells, showing the expression of CD18 (β2-integrin), KLRG1, and granzyme K.Statistical analysis performed with one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. ∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001.