Fig 2: T cells in the livers of thymectomized mice exhibit an aging phenotype. Liver single cell suspensions from control and thymectomized mice were stained with antibodies against CD3 (Pan T cell), CD4 (Helper T), CD8 (Cytotoxic T), CD44 (naïve/memory), CD62L (central/effector), CD49d (virtual memory), CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3. T cell phenotype was assessed via flow cytometry. A Proportions (percent of total leukocytes) CD3 + T cells. B The CD4:CD8 ratio. C Proportions of CD4 + naïve, central memory (CM), and effector memory (EM) cells in the liver. D Proportions of CD8 + naïve, CM, and EM cells in the liver. E Proportions of CD4 + virtual memory cells. F Proportions of CD8 + virtual memory cells. G Proportions of CD4 + cells expressing chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, or CXCR3. H Proportions of CD8 + cells expressing chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, or CXCR3. N = 7 = 17/group. Group Differences assessed by unpaired t-Test. Data in pie charts expressed as mean only

Fig 3: The pgWAT of thymectomized mice exhibit a T cell phenotype that is similar to aging. pgWAT single cell suspensions from control and thymectomized mice were stained with antibodies against CD3 (Pan T cell), CD4 (Helper T), CD8 (Cytotoxic T), CD44 (naïve/memory), CD62L (central/effector), CD49d (virtual memory), CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3. T cell phenotype was assessed via flow cytometry. A Proportions (percent of total leukocytes) CD3 + T cells. B The CD4:CD8 ratio. C Proportions of CD4 + naïve, central memory (CM), and effector memory (EM) cells in the pgWAT. D Proportions of CD8 + naïve, CM, and EM cells in the pgWAT. E Proportions of CD4 + virtual memory cells. F Proportions of CD8 + virtual memory cells. G Proportions of CD4 + cells expressing chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, or CXCR3. H Proportions of CD8 + cells expressing chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, or CXCR3. N = 7–17/group. Group Differences assessed by unpaired t-Test. Data in pie charts expressed as mean only

Fig 4: Early-life thymectomy results in an aged T cell phenotype in the spleen. Splenic single cell suspensions from control and thymectomized mice were stained with antibodies against CD3 (Pan T cell), CD4 (Helper T), CD8 (Cytotoxic T), CD44 (naïve/memory), CD62L (central/effector), CD49d (virtual memory), CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3. T cell phenotype was assessed via flow cytometry. A Proportions (% of total leukocytes) of CD3 + T cells in the spleen. B Total number of CD3 + T cells in the spleen. C The CD4:CD8 ratio. D Proportions of CD4 + naïve, central memory (CM), and effector memory (EM) cells in the spleen. E Proportions of CD8 + naïve, CM, and EM cells in the spleen. F Proportions of CD4 + virtual memory cells. G Proportions of CD8 + virtual memory cells. H Proportions of CD4 + cells expressing chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, or CXCR3. I Proportions of CD8 + cells expressing chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, or CXCR3. N = 7–16/group. Data in pie charts expressed as mean only. Group Differences were assessed by unpaired t-Test

Fig 5: Integrin blockade drove tissue specific changes in T cell integrin chain expression. The frequency of CD3+CD4+ T cells expressing the integrin chains (A) CD49a, (B) CD49d, (C) CD103, (D) β7, or (E) co-expressing CD69 and CD103 from frozen spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), or popliteal and inguinal lymph node (PILN) suspensions. For control groups, n = 3, and for treated groups, n = 6. Data shown are means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis of histological scores was performed using an ordinary two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****: p < 0.0001, ns: non-significant.