Fig 1: Effect of dietary phosphorus intake on gene expression of RANK, RANKL and OPG axis, and of the related components LGR4 and RSPOs in tibia. Gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR for (A) Rank, (B) Rankl, (C) Opg, (D) Lgr4, (E) Rspo1, (F) Rspo2, (G) Rspo3, (H) Rspo4. NP: normal phosphorus diet (0.6% phosphorus), and HP: high phosphorus diet (0.9% phosphorus). Data are presented as median [interquartile range]. R.U.: relative units. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus NP.
Fig 2: Effect of high phosphate (Pi, 3 mM phosphate) and high PTH (10⁻⁸ M) on rat osteoblast cell line UMR-106 after 48 h of exposure. Quantification of protein levels determined by Western blot and representative images of: (A) RANKL, (B) OPG, (C) LGR4, (D) RSPO1, (E) RSPO2, (F) RSPO3, and (G) RSPO4. Data are presented as median [interquartile range]. R.U.: relative units. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus control (1 mM phosphate). All groups are compared from the control group that is normalised to the unit.
Fig 3: Representative images illustrating the effects of dietary phosphorus intake on the presence of RANK, RANKL, OPG, LGR4, RSPO1, and RSPO4 proteins in tibia. NP: normal phosphorus diet (0.6% phosphorus), and HP: high phosphorus diet (0.9% phosphorus). Each inset indicates the relative scale in µm.
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