Fig 1: Relative mRNA expression levels of the hepatic phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (A), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) (B), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (C), and Hem-oxygenase 1 (HO1) (D) in the different groups. DOX: Doxorubicin, SYA: Syringic acid. The values represent means ± SEM, (n = 8). Bars with different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.01), as determined by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test following one-way ANOVA. Groups sharing the same letter are not significantly different.