Fig 1: Effects of SGLT2 and DPP inhibition on oxidative stress and XIAP levels. (A–F) MTD32 cells: (A) intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS; DCFDA), (B) total antioxidant capacity (TAC), (C) total oxidative capacity (TOC), (D) lipid peroxidation (MDA), (E) extracellular XIAP protein content, and (F) intracellular XIAP protein content. (G–L) SCC147 cells: (G) intracellular ROS (DCFDA), (H) total antioxidant capacity (TAC), (I) total oxidative capacity (TOC), (J) lipid peroxidation (MDA), (K) extracellular XIAP protein content, and (L) intracellular XIAP protein content. (M–R) NTHY-ORI cells: (M) intracellular ROS (DCFDA), (N) total antioxidant capacity (TAC), (O) total oxidative capacity (TOC), (P) lipid peroxidation (MDA), (Q) extracellular XIAP protein content, and (R) intracellular XIAP protein content. Cells were treated for 48 h with the SGLT2 inhibitor (iSGLT2), broad DPP inhibitor (iDPP), or vandetanib (VDT). Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent biological replicates (n ≥ 3). Differences between treatment conditions within each cell line were analyzed using the Friedman test followed by Dunn’s multiple-comparison test. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001.
Fig 2: Metabolic indices (IG and MS) in thyroid cell lines under different treatment conditions. Metabolic indices IG and MS were calculated based on intracellular glucose content normalized to total protein (G_norm) in SCC147, MDA-T32, and NTHY-ORI cells after 48 h treatment with SGLT2 inhibitor (iSGLT2), Broad DPP inhibition using a non-selective DPP inhibitor (iDPP), and vandetanib (VDT). Higher IG and MS values may indicate a relative increase in glucose-dependent metabolic activity. Data are presented as mean ± SD of at least three independent biological replicates (n ≥ 3). Differences between treatment conditions within each cell line were analyzed using the Friedman test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test.
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