Fig 1: Safety assessment of NeoPol-mL242 mRNA vaccine in mice (A) Time points for the collection of serum and tissue samples. Serum levels of (B) AST and (C) ALT in mice at various time points after vaccination with PBS, 0.5 mg/kg WTPol-mL242, 0.1 mg/kg NeoPol-mL242 and 0.5 mg/kg NeoPol-mL242. Serum concentrations of (D) IL-1β, (E) IL-6, (F) TNF-α, and (G) IP-10 in mice, measured by ELISA. (H) Histopathological analysis showing H&E staining of various tissues, Masson’s trichrome staining of liver sections, and Sirius Red staining of liver sections (n = 5). (I) Percentage of Masson-positive area. (J) Percentage of Sirius Red-positive area. (K) GFP mRNA level in mouse plasma at various time points up to 96 h after treatment with GFP-L242-20Lipo. (L-N) Biodistribution of GFP mRNA in tissues at various time points (n = 3). Data are presented as means ± SD in B-G (n = 4). Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001