Fig 1: Chemoradiation reduces the HSV in the primary tumor and in the metastatic lymph nodes. (A) HSV within the primary tumor (GTVp) and within the metastatic lymph nodes (GTVn) over the course of treatment. (B) Plasma concentration of osteopontin, galectin-3, VEGF and CTGF in week 0, 2 and 5 of chemoradiation. Values were compared using a mixed model analysis with post-hoc Tukey tests. *p < 0.05. CTGF = connective tissue growth factor, GTV = gross tumor volume, HSV = hypoxic subvolume, VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.
Fig 2: Serum levels of IGFBPs detected by ELISA in HCs and patients with DM. (a) IGFBP-1. (b) IGFBP-2. (c) IGFBP-3. (d) IGFBP-4. (e) IGFBP-6. (f) CTGF. Data are expressed as median (quartile). HC: healthy control; DM: dermatomyositis.
Fig 3: Differentially expressed proteins in the conditioned media analyzed with ELISA and Western blot after 24 h of ET-1 stimulation. (A) Concentration of the CCN2 (CTGF) protein. Y-axis shows the concentration in pg/mL. (B) Expression levels of the THBS1 protein at 24 h measured with quantitative Western blot. The Y-axis shows the average control normalized signal (representing expression level). (C,D) Concentration of the ANP and proBNP proteins, respectively. Y-axis shows the concentration in ng/mL. Standard deviation (SD) is shown as error bars (n = 3); * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01.
Fig 4: Changes in the expressions of TGF-ß1 and its potential effectors, miR-378a-3p and CTGF upon OM exposure. TGF-ß1 induced an early up-regulation of CTGF, followed by mid-term miR-378a-3p stimulation, while OM suppressed all effectors tested since the early phase of calcification. From early, mid-term to mature VC, OM-induced TGF-ß1 (A, mRNAs; B, western blots), miR-378a-3p (early, C; mid-term, D; mature, E), and CTGF (early, F; mid-term, G; mature, H) expressional changes are shown. ctrl, control; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; OM, osteogenic media; TGF-ß, transforming growth factor-ß.
Fig 5: Bioinformatic analyses of potential links within the TGF-ß1/miR-378a-3p/CTGF axis, with multiple mediators uncovered. The expression levels of TGF-ß1/miR-378a-3p/CTGF were found to decrease in sera of patients with severe aortic arch calcification compared to those without. Hierarchical clustering of potential linking nodes/effectors between TGF-ß1 and miR-378a-3p (A), miR-378a-3p and CTGF (B), and between TGF-ß1, miR-378a-3p, and CTGF (C). Serum TGF-ß1 (D), CTGF (E), and miR-378a-3p (F) levels of older adults according to the absence of AAC or presence of severe AAC are shown. AAC, aortic arch calcification; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; TGF-ß, transforming growth factor-ß.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Human CTGF ELISA kit