Fig 1: CILP-1 distribution and association with HF severity. (A) The distribution of CILP-1 is shown as a histogram. (B). The association of CILP-1 with NT-proBNP is shown as a scatterplot and as individual values indicating the median and interquartile range for different NYHA classes. For NT-proBNP, the Spearman correlation coefficient and level of significance is indicated. (C) For NYHA class, nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis) were used for the comparisons between groups. p < 0.05 was considered significant. **—p ≤ 0.01; ***—p ≤ 0.001; ****—p ≤ 0.0001.
Fig 2: Survival and CV hospitalizations in HFrEF according to CILP-1 tertiles. Association of CILP-1 with (A) all-cause mortality and (B) Cardiovascular hospitalizations is shown as Kaplan–Meier plots for different CILP-1 tertiles and ROC analyses. For the Kaplan–Meier plots, the difference between the groups was assessed by the Wilcoxon–Breslow–Gehan test.
Fig 3: CILP-1 and NT-proBNP for the prediction of RVD in HFrEF. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for CILP-1 and NT-proBNP for predicting (A) RVEF < 40%, (B) RV-FAC < 25%, (C) TAPSE < 13 mm, and (D) TAPSE/sPAP < 0.36 mm/mmHG. The area under the curve and confidence intervals are indicated within the figures.
Fig 4: Association of circulating CILP-1 with cardiac function and hemodynamic parameter. The association of CILP-1 with (A) SVR, (B) CI, (C) LVEDD, (D) grade of MR, (E) LA size, (F) PCWP, (G) sPAP, (H) PVR, (I) RV-FAC, (J) RVEDD, (K) grade of TR, and (L) RA diameter is visualized as scatter and Tukey’s boxplots. Red represents forward failure, blue represents backwards failure. The Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated, and the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis non-parametrical tests were used for comparisons between groups. p-values are indicated within the respective plots. RA, right atrium; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; RV-FAC, right ventricular fractional area change; RV, right ventricle, sPAP, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; LA, left atrium; MR, mitral regurgitation; LV, left ventricle; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; CI, cardiac index, n.s.—p > 0.05; *—p ≤ 0.05; ***—p ≤ 0.001; ****—p ≤ 0.0001.
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