Fig 1: Detailed characterization of other immune cells in IgG4-RD.(A) UMAP plot of subgroups of other immune cells. CM, classical monocyte; IM, intermediate monocyte; NCM, nonclassical monocyte; NK, natural killer cell; DC, dendritic cell; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell. (B) Projection of cells expressing CD14 and FCGR3A to the UMAP plots. (C) Flow cytometry showing proportions of CMs, IMs, and NCMs in HCs (n = 7) and IgG4-RD patients (n = 25). Significance was determined by Student’s t test (CD14++CD16– MNs and CD14–CD16++ MNs) or Mann-Whitney test (CD14+CD16+ MNs). (D) Projection of cells expressing CCR1 and CX3CR1 to the UMAP plots. (E) Representative immunofluorescence for CX3CL1 and CCL5 in salivary glands from controls and IgG4-RD patients (repeated 3 times for each group). Scale bars: 50 μm. (F) Volcano plot showing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between monocytes from IgG4-RD and HCs. (G) GO analysis using Metascape for upregulated genes in monocytes from IgG4-RD versus HCs. (H) Violin plots showing expression levels of indicated genes in monocytes of IgG4-RD and HCs. (I) RETN was mainly expressed in CMs in the single-cell data and serum resistin levels were elevated in IgG4-RD patients (n = 28) compared with HCs (n = 9). Significance was determined by Mann-Whitney test. (J) Volcano plot showing the DEGs in DCs/pDCs from IgG4-RD compared with HCs. (K) Volcano plot showing the DEGs in NK cells from IgG4-RD compared with HCs. (L) Heatmap showing expression levels of cell activation-, migration-, and cytotoxicity-associated genes in NK cells from IgG4-RD and HCs. Results are shown as mean ± SD. Exact 2-tailed P values are given. Significance was determined by Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test. *P < 0.05.