Fig 1: A schematic presentation of the possible role of the NF-?B p65 subunit and the GRO-a/CXCR2 axis in the formation of IA. The first step initiating the formation of IA is the activation of the canonical/classical NF-?B pathway in the arterial bifurcationas as the result of hemodynamic stress. NF-?B activation occurs through the phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of I?B. An active form of NF-?B p50/p65 heterodimer bind to DNA to function as a transcription factor of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, including chemokine GRO-a. Secretory chemokine GRO-a, via its CXCR2 receptor, acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and increases endothelial cell proliferation, which initiates the formation of IA. As a result of forming IA, also microglia and astrocytes could secrete GRO-a, which in turn enhances leukocyte trafficking and endothelial cell proliferation. CXCR2, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2; GRO-a, GRO alpha chemokine/C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1); IA, intracranial aneurysms; I?B, IkappaB kinase; NF-?B p50, nuclear factor kappa-B p50 subunit; NF-?B p65, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 subunit; NF-?B, nuclear factor kappa-B.
Fig 2: (A–H) Cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and Quotient results for NF-?B p65 in unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients and the control group. The Quotient was calculated by dividing the CSF protein value by the serum protein value. Statistical significance: * p < 0.05, ** p = 0.01, **** p = 0.001. CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; NF-?B p65, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 subunit; UIA, unruptured intracranial aneurysm.
Fig 3: Areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for NF-?B p65, GRO-a, and CXCR2 Quotients in differentiating unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients from individuals without vascular lesions in the brain. Quotients were calculated by dividing the CSF protein value by the serum protein value. For NF-?B p65 Quotient the AUC = 0.772, cut-off = 0.37; for GRO-a Quotient the AUC = 0.728, cut-off = 1.60; for CXCR2 Quotient the AUC = 0.732, cut-off = 2.07.
Fig 4: (A–E) Cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and Quotient results for GRO-a in unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients and the control group. The Quotient was calculated by dividing the CSF protein value by the serum protein value. Statistical significance: * p < 0.05, **** p = 0.001. CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; GRO-a, GRO alpha chemokine; NF-?B p65, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 subunit; UIA, unruptured intracranial aneurysm.
Supplier Page from Biorbyt for Human NFkB p65 ELISA Kit
Application Notes: Detection Wavelength: 450 nm