Fig 1: Serum Hormone Levels in Rats Following Different Vasectomy Procedures. Note: (A) Serum testosterone (T) levels: Rats in the modified vasectomy group exhibited significantly higher serum testosterone levels compared to the traditional vasectomy group, indicating that the modified vasectomy procedure better preserves testicular function. B Serum estradiol (E) levels: Serum estradiol levels in the modified vasectomy group were closer to those in the negative control group, whereas levels in the traditional vasectomy group were significantly reduced, suggesting that the traditional vasectomy procedure may cause greater endocrine disruption. C Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels: The modified vasectomy group showed higher serum FSH levels, reflecting relatively stable endocrine function, while the traditional vasectomy group displayed a marked decrease. D Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels: Serum LH levels were higher in the modified vasectomy group, indicating relatively stable endocrine function, whereas levels in the traditional vasectomy group were significantly lower. E Serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels: PGE2 levels were significantly elevated in the modified vasectomy group, suggesting that this procedure may be more effective in controlling local inflammation. F Serum prolactin (PRL) levels: PRL levels in the modified vasectomy group were similar to those in the negative control group. G Serum anti-sperm antibody levels, with the modified surgery group showing significantly lower serum anti-sperm antibody levels than the traditional surgery group (*P < 0.05 vs. sham operation; #P < 0.05 vs. traditional vasectomy). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 software. Each group included six rats, and quantitative results are presented as X ± S. Independent sample t-tests were used for comparisons between groups. GraphPad Prism 6 was used to create statistical graphs. The significance level was set at 0.05. Group definitions: SO, sham operation group; NC, negative control group; TV, traditional vasectomy group; MV, modified vasectomy group