Fig 1: Gps regulates microglial cell line state transition in LPS-exposed BV-2 cells. (A) BV-2 cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were seeded in 96-well culture plates, and exposed to Gps at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 µg/ml. After 48 h, cell viability was assessed using a CCK-8 assay. The OD450 values of cell viability were shown on the y-axis. n = 6 for each groups from 2 sets of experiments. (B–G) The expression of TNF-03B1, IL-1ß, IL-6, iNOS, CD206, and IL-10 mRNA, respectively, in control (untreated), LPS (50 µg/ml), and LPS (50 µg/ml) and Gps (10 µg/ml and 5 µg/ml, respectively) BV-2 cells were determined using qPCR. N = 3 from triplicate culture for each group. (H,I) The relative fluorescence intensity of iNOS and CD206 in the different groups of BV-2 cells. The values are expressed by IntDen/Area on the y-axis for different groups on the x-axis. n = 3 from triplicate culture for each group. (J,K). Statistical results show that LPS increased the expression of iNOS protein in vitro, while Gps inhibited the effects and promoted the expression of protein CD206. n = 3 from triplicate culture for each group. (L). Representative immunoreactive bands showing the iNOS and CD206 proteins in the LPS (50 µg/ml) and Gps (10 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml, respectively), LPS (50 µg/ml), and control BV-2 cells. M. Representative immunofluorescence picture of iNOS (red) and CD206 (red) in control (untreated), LPS (50 µg/ml), and LPS (50 µg/ml) and Gps (10 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml, respectively) BV-2 cells (× 400 magnification). Scale bar indication 50 µm. The results were expressed by mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001 vs. LPS.