Fig 1: 3D plots for prediction of the edema volume, based on the multiple regression model. The plots summarize four cases of the prediction capacity of the model to accurately predict the edema volume. (A) 3D plot of the effects of increased heart rate and increased NLR (3rd day) in prediction of the edema volume. (B). 3D plot modelling the buffering effect of AOPP high levels on the slope between CRP and edema volume. (C) 3D plot modelling the synergism between NLR and IL‐6 on the 3rd day for prediction of the edema volume. (D). Antagonistic effect between CSS and IL‐6 in prediction of the volume. Abbreviations: AOPP, advanced oxidation protein products; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CSS, Canadian stroke scale; IL, interleukin; NLR, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio
Fig 2: Effects of interaction between continuous variables on the edema volume. The overall results of the moderation analyses and the interaction plots summarise presence of not additive, but statistically significant synergistic interactions between CRP‐ESR (A), neutrophils‐CRP (B), NLR‐IL‐6 (C) and neutrophils‐IL‐6 (D) as drivers for the edema formation; moreover, significant antagonistic effect of high protein oxidation on the CRP‐edema dependence was detected (E‐F), suggesting a mechanism of potential redox‐CRP negative feedback loop and redox inactivation of CRP. Abbreviations: ANC, absolute neutrophil count; AOPP, advanced oxidation protein products; CRP, C‐reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IL, interleukin
Fig 3: The top heat map displays Pearson correlations between individual NBAS items and Log10-normalized IL-6, IL-10, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio, including items used for composite scores, as well as additional items 28 (smiles), supplementary items 29–35, and reflex items (R). The bottom heat map illustrates correlations and p-values for NBAS selective and comprehensive composite scores (CS). The colorimetric gradient indicates: red represents a direct correlation and blue an inverse correlation. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig 4: Violin plots show no statistically significant differences in Log10-normalized IL-6, IL-10, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio levels among mothers across different infection trimesters and controls. An IL-6/IL-10 ratio above 0 indicates a disruption in the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses.
Fig 5: The top panels show log₁₀-normalized IL-6 and IL-10 levels measured in maternal blood during pregnancy for cases and controls, stratified by sex. The bottom panel displays the corresponding IL-6/IL-10 ratios. A log₁₀ IL-6/IL-10 value of 0 corresponds to a raw ratio of 1 (log₁₀(1) = 0), indicating equilibrium between IL-6 and IL-10 (dashed line). Positive values indicate a pro-inflammatory state (IL-6 > IL-10), while negative values reflect an anti-inflammatory state (IL-6 < IL-10). No significant group differences were observed in any of the three measures
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