Fig 1: The A549 VIM-RFP cell line (ATCC CCL-185EMT) is designed for studying EMT dynamics.(A) Schema of CRISPR-Cas9–mediated generation of VIM-RFP knock-in allele. LHA, left homology arm; RHA, right homology arm; pA, polyadenylation signal; BSR, blasticidin resistance; exon9, exon #9 of vimentin gene. (B) Colocalization immunostaining of vimentin and endogenous VIM-RFP. Scale bar, 20 μm. (C) Matrigel invasion assay of A549 VIM-RFP cells. After TGF-β induction, cells show increased invasive capacity. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data represent mean ± SD from three repeated experiments. Student’s t test; asterisk denotes P < 0.01.