Fig 1: Cytoadhesion and schematic representation of knob topology.A, wild-type 3D7, PfGARP knockout, and PIESP2 knockout parasites were evaluated for static binding to human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC-5i-CRL-3245 line. ATCC). Bound iRBCs were fixed, stained with Wright-Giemsa, and quantified by microscopy. Effect of GM7mAb, mAb7899, and mouse IgG3 isotype was measured as outlined in the Experimental procedure section. Each parasite line was evaluated in a minimum of three independent experiments. B, schematic representation of PIESP2 trafficking to knobs via Maurer’s clefts in infected erythrocytes. C and D, schematic representation of parasite-derived adhesion proteins including PfEMP1, PIESP2, and PfGARP anchored on knobs as putative ligands for host endothelial receptors.