Fig 2: Effect of IL-29 on eosinophil migration capacity. (A) Transwell assay for eosinophil migration; (B) Statistical analysis of eosinophil migration under different IL-29 concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 ng/mL). Data were obtained from 3 independent experiments and are presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. * indicates p < 0.05.

Fig 3: The interventional effect of TAK-242 Blocking TLR4 on IL-29 action. (A) Transwell assay showing changes in eosinophil migration after TLR4 blockade with TAK-242; (B) ELISA of IL-5 secretion after TAK-242 intervention; (C) ELISA of IL-13 secretion after TAK-242 intervention; (D) Western blot analysis of TLR4, p-NF-κB, and p-MAPK protein expression after TAK-242 treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * indicates p < 0.05.

Fig 4: IL-29–TLR4 signalling drives eosinophil infiltration in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP)..

Fig 5: Histological and molecular expression analysis of IL-29 and TLR4 in ECRSwNP. (A) Haematoxylin-eosin staining of the experimental and control groups; magnification 100×; (B) qPCR analysis of IL-29 and TLR4 mRNA expression and their correlation; (C) Correlation analysis of IL-29 and TLR4, showing a positive correlation in the experimental group (r = 0.6018, p < 0.0001); (D) Immunohistochemical expression of IL-29 in the experimental and control groups (D1: control group, 100×; D2: experimental group, 100×; D3: control group, 400×; D4: experimental group, 400×); (E) Immunohistochemical expression of TLR4 in the experimental and control groups (E1: control group, 100×; E2: experimental group, 100×; E3: control group, 400×; E4: experimental group, 400×). qPCR data are presented as mean ± SD, correlation analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Experimental group n = 30, control group n = 30.