Fig 1: A spatially resolved LR interaction map of the human testis(A) Spatial mapping of major testicular cell types (left) and transcriptional states of spermatogonia (right) in a human testis sample. ES, elongating/elongated spermatid; RS, round spermatid; SPC, spermatocyte; SPG, spermatogonium. Scale bar, 300 μm.(B) The spatial relationship between the five SPG transcriptional subtypes as quantified by the neighborhood enrichment score in two independent human Slide-seq datasets.(C) Differentially expressed LR pairs among SPG1-neighboring cell type pairs.(D) Spatial expression patterns of selective LR pairs enriched in myoid cell-SPG1 (upper panel) and endothelial cell-SPG1 (lower panel) pairs. Scale bar, 320 μm.(E) Protein expression of VWF and EFNA1 in a human testicular sample. The white dashed line outlines the blood vessel. Yellow arrowheads denote protein co-localization. Scale bar, 8 μm.(F) Bar graph showing the number of GFRA1+; KIT‒ human SPG on day 7 normalized against that from day 0. Cells were treated with recombinant human ENFA protein at 0, 3, and 6 ng/mL, respectively. Data from 4 patient samples are shown.