Fig 1: The regulatory role of FABP4+ VECs in VEC proliferation, migration, and EndMT. A Representative images of human VECs from the cell scratch assay. B Quantitative analysis of the results of the cell scratch assay. C Representative images of human VECs from Ki-67 proliferation assay. D Quantitative analysis of the results of Ki-67 proliferation assay. E Representative images of EdU staining. F Quantitative analysis of the results of EdU staining. G Representative images of Western blotting. H Quantitative analysis of the results of Western blotting. A Scale bar, 500 μm. C Scale bar, 50 μm. E Scale bar, 100 μm. Points in each group in B, D, F, H represent 7, 30, 6, and 10 biological replicates, respectively. The data were normally distributed and had equal variance. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for multiple groups. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant
Fig 2: Loss of proliferating endothelial cells in the endothelium associated with inadequate adaptation to regurgitation. A Immunohistochemical staining of FABP4 in NC and MR specimens. B Quantification of the FABP4＋ cell ratio in the endothelium per image (n = 12 in Group A, 11 in Group B, and 10 in Group C). C ROC curve for the predictive ability of FABP4+ VECs on the severity of mitral valve regurgitation. D Immunohistochemistry results for CD34 in the NC and MR groups. E Differential expression of CD34 between the NC and MR groups in IHC. F Immunostaining of FABP4, CD34 and CD31. G Immunostaining of ACTA2 (αSMA) and vWF in the NC and MR groups. H Quantification of the percentage of positive cells per image (n = 3 per condition). Mean ± SEM, two-tailed t test. Group A indicates patients with no or mild MR; Group B indicates patients with moderate MR; Group C indicates patients with severe MR. ROC, receiver operating characteristic; NC, non-diseased control; MR, mitral regurgitation
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