Fig 1: mRNA expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. Increased expression of BCL-6, CXCR5, IL-6R, IL-4, and IL-21 mRNA in CXCR5+CD4+ T cells in patients with chronic HBV infection (n = 16) compared to healthy controls (n = 16). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *,p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.
Fig 2: The correlation between CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and clinical parameters in inactive carriers. (A) The correlation between the percentage of ICOS+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and AST. (B) The correlation between the percentage of PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and AST. (C) The correlation between the percentage of CD40L+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and AST. Data were expressed as the mean values of individual patients (n = 10) from three separate experiments.
Fig 3: The phenotype of circulating TFH cells was assessed in patients with chronic HBV infection and in HC. (A) The expression of ICOS, PD-1, CD40L and IL-21R by CXCR5+CD4+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. At least 50,000 events were analyzed for each sample, and the data represent different groups of samples from at least two independent experiments. (B), (D), (F) and (H) Comparison of the percentages of ICOS+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells, PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells, CD40L+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells, and IL-21R+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells in the chronic HBV infection and HC groups. (C), (E), (G) and (I) Comparison of the percentages of ICOS+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells, PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells, CD40L+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells, and IL-21R+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells between the IT, IC, CHB(HBeAg+), CHB(HBeAg-) and HC groups. CHB1, HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B; CHB2, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Each data point represents an individual subject. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.
Fig 4: The correlation between CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and clinical parameters in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. (A) The correlation between the percentage of CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and serum levels of AST. (B) The correlation between the percentage of ICOS+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and HBV DNA loads. (C) The correlation between the percentage of PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and HBV DNA loads. Data were expressed as the mean values of individual patients (n = 14) from three separate experiments.
Fig 5: The correlation between CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and clinical parameters in patients with chronic HBV infection. (A) The correlation between the percentage of CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and serum levels of ALT. (B) The correlation between the percentage of CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and serum levels of AST. (C) The correlation between the percentage of CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and HBV DNA loads. Data were expressed as the mean values of individual patients (n = 38) from three separate experiments.
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