Anti-VPS39 antibodies are used in the immunodetection of the protein VPS39 subunit of HOPS complex. In humans, the canonical protein has a reported length of 886 amino acid residues and a mass of 101.8 kDa. Its subcellular localization is in the membrane, lysosomes and cytoplasm. Up to 2 different isoforms have been reported for this protein. It is found to be widely expressed, with highest levels in the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, brain, placenta and spleen. A member of the VAM6/VPS39 protein family, VPS39 is a reported regulator of TGF-beta/activin signaling, inhibiting SMAD3- and activating SMAD2-dependent transcription. Synonyms for this target antigen include VAM6, hVam6p, vam6/Vps39-like protein, TRAP1-like protein, VPS39, HOPS complex subunit, and TLP. VPS39 gene orthologs have been reported in the mouse, rat, bovine, frog, zebrafish, chimpanzee and chicken species. A number of VPS39 antibodies have been mentioned in research publications and have associated citations. Western Blot is a widely used application for these antibodies. ELISA, Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, and Immunohistochemistry are also common applications.